Debate: Topic and Outline
毎月行われているYYクラブのディスカッションの概要(英訳と日本語訳あり)
反・グローバル化の動き
新たな年2017年を迎えて早くも、4か月が過ぎました。昨年以
2015年以降、シリアからの難民問題を抱える欧州とメキシコか
先月に引き続き、米国のトランプ大統領の問題を取り上げていきます。
II. Movement towards Anti-Globalization in the US
2. External influences: Impact on Japan
Mr. Trump’s remark “Japan should also have nuclear weapons” let the citizens make a mistake, and the fact that Japan is silent sends the wrong message to the world. It should be immediately argued as a government and it is extremely important to clearly communicate the intention of Japan. This (argument) will also help Americans not to make the wrong choice. In September Mr. Ishihisa of the LDP strongly argued that “Japan would never possess nuclear weapons”. Although this is important, it is important to refute as the Japanese government. If North Korea possessed nuclear weapons, Japan still would not possess them.
Of course, the national opinion would be divided. If Japan is to possess nuclear weapons, it would spread all over the world. It is time to practice patience. It is Gandhi’s no-resistance. We only have to take world opinion on our side. Otherwise, it will trigger a chain reaction and the world would be filled with nuclear weapons. I think that Japan, as the only atomic bombed country, should not possess them no matter what.
3. Can the United States continue to be the world leader?
3.1 Professor Joseph Nye’s view
Here I would like to introduce the opinions of Joseph Nye, theuniversity distinguished service professor at Harvard, from his latestbook, “Is the American Century Over?”
He developed a concept called “Soft power.” He argues that inpolitics, there are two different kinds of powers. Here we consider the power as “the ability to influence the behavior or interests of others.” And according to him, this kind of power can be either “hard” or “soft.”
①HARD POWER uses the means of enforcing or rewarding
②SOFT POWER uses the means of attractiveness or persuasion of the leader To demonstrate the maximum capacity of a leader, SOFT POWER is important.
And the leadership of the US is based on the following factors:
・Ability to welcome immigrants and the population increase as a result. That is, the increase of applicants for migration.
・Entrepreneurial spirit that creates innovation.
・The world’s best higher education system, though their tuitions may be high.
・ Exhibit leadership in the international community, providing global public goods (such as international currency and dollars) and global internet systems. These will lead to an increase in world public opinion in favor of the US leadership. Also, Mr. Nye points out:
・The wider the US decline theories spread, the more the importance of the SOFT POWER concept.
・The US position in the world economy is definitely declining with the rise of new powerful countries such as China, in terms of SOFT POWER the US continues to be at the top.
・The largest number of allied nations
Conclusion of his opinions;
Along with the US superiority in the military HARD POWER, the American century is expected to continue.
Considering the points above, what policies the US should adopt?
① Demonstrate its strong leadership in creating global public goods
・Manage and maintain international key currency/dollar
・Secure the freedom of navigation
・Address environmental issues
② Limited military intervention
・ Maintain the military balance between East Asia and Europe
・ The US should refrain from getting deep into occupation and managementin the Middle East; it is reasonable to take a containment strategy from outside
Written by Mr.Chiba and translated by Mr. Sasaki
ご参考(日本語訳)
II. 米国のAnti-Globalizationへの動向
2.対外的影響:日本への影響
トランプ氏の発言「日本も核兵器を持つべきである。」は米国民へ
3.米国は今後も世界のリーダーとなれるか
3.1 ジョセフ・ナイ教授の意見
ここではハーバード大学の学長を歴任したジョセフ・ナイ教授の「
① ハード・パワーとは:これを強制や報酬で行わせる力
② ソフト・パワーとは:リーダーの魅力や説得による力
リーダーシップ発揮するにはこのソフトパワーが大切になる。
そして、米国のリーダーシップの基となるものは以下である。
① 移民を受け入れる能力とそれに伴う、国内の人口増加のキャパシ
② イノベーションを生む起業家精神
③ 授業料は高いが、世界最高の高等教育制度
④ 米国が国際社会でリーダーシップを発揮してグローバルな公共財(
これらは米国のリーダーシップを受け入れる世界世論の増加につな
① 米国の衰退論が増すにつれ、ソフトパワー論が重要性を増してい
② 米国は確かに、世界経済の地位は中国等の新興国の台頭によって
③ 同盟国や友好国の多さでも、トップである。
結論:軍事面でのハードパワーの優位性と合わせ米国の世紀は今後も続く
上記観点からみて、米国の取るべき政策は如何にあるべきか。
① グローバルな公共資財創出におけるリーダーシップ発揮
・国際基軸通貨・ドルの運営
・航行の自由の保障
・環境問題への対応
② 限定的軍事力介入
・東アジアと欧州の軍事バランスを維持する。
・中東では占領や管理に深入りせず、外部から封じ込めの政策を取