Debate: Topic and Outline
毎月行われているYYクラブのディスカッションの概要（英訳と日本語訳あり）
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>>> 当院論評 Comｍents By Chiba
COP26の会議で各国は議論し、延長戦に縺れ込みながらも、「1，5度」を達成した。
出典：「COP26に延長論 交渉難航で」、日経新聞2021年11月3日付。
本文のポイント：
第26回国連気候変動枠組み条約締約国会議（COP26)での各国・地域の綱引は複雑な構図だ。グローバルな供給網の進化で、先進国は新興・途上国が温暖化ガスを排出しながら生産したモノに依存する。新興・途上国側では温暖化ガスの」排出削減の上積みに慎重な中国やインドなど大国と、海面上昇で一部の領土が沈没し兼ねない小国の溝も目立つ。交渉は一筋縄で、行きそうにない。
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>>> 本文英訳 Translation By Ishibashi
Bargaining between each country in The 26th session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 26) is complicated. Evolution of global supply network, the developed country depends on the stuff that a developing country produced with emitting greenhouse gas. There is a gap between major power such as China and India that take a cautious stance to increase of the discharge reduction of the greenhouse gas and lesser power that one of which is being submerged by rising sea level. Negotiation would not proceed easily.
The developed country presses China and India to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. “ the important thing is the largest emitting country which is not agree (with the goal for prevention of global warming) has an ambition.” French president macron emphasized in the speech at November 1st.
Japan, the U.S and Europe raised the goal of emissions for 30 years after2020. European union raised it 55% from 40% compared 1990. Japan raised it 26% from 46% compared to 2013. The U.S decreased it by 50-52% to 2005. It is almost equal to the indication of intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC). Especially, China, India and Russia which occupy 40% of the world carbon dioxide emissions are under great pressure. According to the international energy agency (IEA), carbon dioxide emissions of China of 2030 would be almost the same of 2020 and emissions of India would increase by 40% with 2020 if they continue the current policy.
Indian prime minister Modi announced that the emissions will be virtually zero in 2070 on 1st. In the largest emitter China, president Xi Jinping did not show up on the conference and clarify expressed its commitment in writing to not change the goal. China appealed that “ the developed country should support developing countries for carrying the measures out smoothly.” The U.S. officials criticized China by name that “China is a country shutting the developing country into fossil fuel-dependent infrastructure and taking duty that cannot last to the developing country for dozens of years.
However, the agreement to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius cannot be accomplished only by putting pressure from the developed country. The globalization increased the responsibility of the developed country to the discharge reduction of the developing country. One of the reasons of the smoothly discharge reduction of the developed countries is that they moved the production base to the developing country.
Also, the calculation method of the discharge of the current greenhouse gas is advantageous to the developed country. Though the discharge of the greenhouse gas at the production stage is counted, that of the consumers side is not considered enough.
In the developed country side, German chancellor Angele Merkel admitted that “it is taking the special responsibility.” Also, the U.S. and Europe announced increasing the fund support. The developed country promised to support 100 billion dollars a year by 2020 on 2009, but it is expected that the achievement is delayed until 2023. The distrust is deep-rooted on the developing country side for “the verbal agreement” of the developing country. Prime minister of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina gave a warning that “the developed country should protect both promises of the fund support for our emission reduction goal and the achieve their own emission reduction goal. The developing country are not cohesive as a group. The islands exposed to the risk of sea level rise raised their voice against China and Russia. Prime minister of Barbados Mia Mottley criticized that “unfortunately, some members needed by COP26 in Glasgow are not participate.”
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